Decentralized Finance = tài chính trên blockchain không cần ngân hàng. Use cases: 1) Lending/Borrowing (Aave, Compound). 2) Trading (Uniswap, dYdX). 3) Staking/Yield (Lido, Curve). 4) Stablecoins (USDC, DAI). 5) Insurance (Nexus Mutual). Pros: Permissionless, 24/7, transparent. Cons: Smart contract risk, no FDIC, complex UX.
Solo staking: Lock 32 ETH ($100K+) → chạy validator → earn 3-4%/năm. Liquid staking via Lido: Stake bất kỳ amount → nhận stETH (liquid). Yield 3-4%. Restaking via EigenLayer: Restake stETH → additional 2-4% yield (compound). Total: 5-8%/năm.
Liquidity Provider (LP): Cung cấp pair (ETH/USDC) vào Uniswap → earn 50% fee + LP token. Yield aggregators (Yearn, Convex): Auto-rotate funds for best yield. Yield: 5-30%/năm. Impermanent loss risk: Pool 2 token với prices diverging → loss vs hold riêng. Important!
Aave: Deposit USDC/USDT → earn 2-5%/năm. Variable rate. Compound: Tương tự, slightly different rates. Risk: smart contract hack (Aave từng vuln nhưng fix), depeg stablecoin (USDC depeg March 2023 to $0.87 trước recovery).
DeFi trên Ethereum mainnet gas fee $5-50/transaction. L2 solutions: Arbitrum, Optimism, Base — gas $0.01-0.50. Same DeFi protocols (Aave, Uniswap) đều có L2 versions. Recommend: Bridge funds to L2 trước khi DeFi.
1) Smart contract bugs: $3B+ lost in 2022-2024 hacks. Mitigate: dùng audited protocols (Lido, Aave, Curve). 2) Stablecoin depeg: USDT/USDC/DAI có thể tạm thời depeg. 3) Liquidation: Borrow + collateral drop = liquidation. 4) Rug pull: New protocol scam. Avoid yield > 100% APY.
1) Setup MetaMask wallet. 2) Buy ETH qua Binance, withdraw to MetaMask. 3) Bridge ETH to Arbitrum/Base (L2). 4) Stake ETH via Lido → nhận stETH. 5) Deposit stETH into Aave → earn additional yield. Beginner: Start với $100-500 để học. Position size < 10% portfolio.